Peripheral vascular disease

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) refers to conditions that affect the blood vessels outside the heart and brain, primarily the arteries and veins in the arms, legs, and abdomen. This disease often leads to reduced blood flow, causing pain and potentially serious complications.

Common symptoms of PVD include leg pain or cramping during physical activity (claudication), numbness or weakness in the legs, and sores or wounds on the feet that heal slowly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage symptoms and prevent the progression of the disease. Lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgical interventions are employed to improve blood flow and reduce risks.

Causes of Peripheral vascular disease

• Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaque in the arterial walls, leading to narrowed and stiffened arteries that restrict blood flow.
• Blood Clots: Clots that obstruct blood vessels can limit or block blood flow to the limbs.
• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and contribute to the development of PVD.
• Smoking: Tobacco use is a major risk factor, as it damages blood vessels and reduces blood flow.
• High Blood Pressure: Hypertension can cause damage to the arterial walls, increasing the risk of PVD.
• High Cholesterol: Elevated levels of cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries.
• Inflammatory Conditions: Diseases like vasculitis can cause inflammation of blood vessels, affecting blood flow.